![]() ![]() Histological examination of teratomas formed by in vivo differentiation of both lines in severe immunocompromised mice showed complex structures including cartilage or smooth muscle (mesoderm), luminal epithelium (endoderm) and neuroectoderm (ectoderm). ![]() The electrophysiology of spontaneously beating NOTT1-derived cardiomyocytes was recorded and these cells were shown to be pharmacologically responsive. Differentiation via formation of embryoid bodies resulted in expression of genes associated with early germ layers and terminal lineage specification. Undifferentiated cells retained expression of pluripotency markers (OCT4, NANOG, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81), a stable karyotype during long-term culture and could be transfected efficiently with plasmid DNA and short interfering RNA. Both lines were successfully maintained as colonies by mechanical passaging on mouse embryonic feeder cells or as monolayers by trypsin-passaging in feeder-free conditions on Matrigel. ![]() Here, we describe derivation of hESC lines, NOTT1 and NOTT2, from human blastocysts graded as 3BC and 3CB, respectively. The ability to maintain human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) during long-term culture and yet induce differentiation to multiple lineages potentially provides a novel approach to address various biomedical problems. Priddle, Helen Allegrucci, Cinzia Burridge, Paul Munoz, Maria Smith, Nigel M Devlin, Lyndsey Sjoblom, Cecilia Chamberlain, Sarah Watson, Sue Young, Lorraine E Denning, Chris and the dearth of an organized and sizable intellectual/academic community, meant that there were few cognitive and human resources for undertaking careful study and analysis of the conditions and needs of developĀ ment from a Southern perspective (influential exceptions existed though, such as Raul Prebisch in Latin America or Ghandi in India).Derivation and characterisation of the human embryonic stem cell lines, NOTT1 and NOTT2. The relative lack of political experience in the South. The cognitive component of South-North dealings strongly reflected the two above mentioned dispositions. Aid for development was contingent on conformity to US political and economic interests. ![]() In Latin America, the Monroe Doctrine had long insured that the region was a virtual captive of the US. In the case of Africa and to some extent Asia, the acquisition of independence was so recent and often sudden that there was little time to reflect on the kind of policies and measures needed to build balĀ anced relations with the former mother country. With few exceptions, Southern nations provided little input to the definition and execution of North-South dynamics during this period. In this context, super power rivalry operated in the South to (i) expand spheres of influence and control (ii) guard Southern nations from the influence and incursions launched by the opposed camp (iii) stimulate indigenous development. In response, the USSR gradually initiated development programs for newly independent nations in Asia and Africa. Block possible Soviet expansion by mobilizing European "democracies", the policy soon extended to some developing countries in Asia and Latin America. ![]()
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